European alternatives to ChatGPT

ChatGPT is a general-purpose AI assistant developed by OpenAI, a US-based company. It is widely used for drafting text, answering questions, summarising documents, writing code, and general research assistance. Some EU businesses and professionals look for alternatives due to concerns about data residency under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the US Cloud Act, and the potential for sensitive business data to be processed by US-controlled infrastructure. This page lists EU-based AI assistants that address those concerns.

Common options by use case

The following tools are commonly used software for the mentioned use cases. These groupings are intended to help navigation. They are not rankings or recommendations.

Le Chat

For small teams

Lumo

For privacy-focused use

Euqai chat

For non-technical users

All listed EU alternatives

All tools listed below are linked to ChatGPT as an alternative. Tools are sorted alphabetically and are not ranked or scored.

  • EU GPT

    EU-based

    EU GPT

    Netherlands

    EU GPT is an AI assistant platform developed by a Dutch team based in Amsterdam and Eindhoven. It is typically used by organisations in privacy-sensitive sectors — such as government, healthcare, legal, and finance — that require AI within fully sovereign European infrastructure. The provider is based in the Netherlands and focuses on data sovereignty, EU AI Act compliance, and guided AI adoption.

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  • Euqai Chat

    EU-based

    Euqai

    Netherlands

    Euqai Chat is an AI assistant developed by Euqai, a Dutch company based in Eindhoven. It is typically used for general question answering, web-connected conversations, and document queries. The provider is based in the Netherlands and focuses on EU-native hosting, GDPR compliance, and sustainable infrastructure.

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  • Le Chat

    EU-based

    Mistral AI

    France

    Le Chat is an AI assistant developed by Mistral AI. It is typically used for text generation, question answering, document analysis, code assistance, and web-connected conversations. The provider is based in France and focuses on EU data residency, open-weight model transparency, and GDPR-aligned AI.

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  • Lumo

    EU-based

    Proton AG

    Switzerland

    Lumo is an AI assistant developed by Proton AG, the Swiss company behind Proton Mail and Proton VPN. It is typically used for general text assistance, document summarisation, drafting, and Q&A. The provider is based in Switzerland and focuses on zero-access encryption, no conversation logging, and EU-hosted infrastructure.

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  • PhariaAI

    Formerly EU-based

    Aleph Alpha (part of Cohere)

    Germany

    PhariaAI is an enterprise AI platform originally developed by Aleph Alpha, a German AI company based in Heidelberg. It was used as a full-stack AI operating system for enterprises and public sector organisations requiring explainable, controllable AI within sovereign infrastructure. At time of listing, Aleph Alpha was EU-based; the company has since been acquired by Canadian company Cohere.

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  • TextCortex

    EU-based

    TextCortex AI GmbH

    Germany

    TextCortex is an AI writing assistant and enterprise knowledge platform developed by TextCortex AI GmbH, a German company based in Berlin. It is typically used for drafting, rewriting, summarising, and translating text, and for building custom AI agents connected to internal documents and data sources. The provider is based in Germany and focuses on EU-hosted infrastructure, GDPR compliance, and model-agnostic AI deployment. Note: TextCortex is primarily an AI writing and knowledge tool rather than a direct general-purpose chatbot replacement. Its relevance as a ChatGPT alternative lies in its writing and document assistance functionality (ZenoChat) and its EU-hosted positioning.

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Before choosing software

Software suitability depends on your organisation’s size, technical capacity, budget, existing systems, and compliance needs. Review the provider’s own documentation before making a decision. Information on this page is provided for orientation and may not reflect the most recent changes to a product or vendor.

Frequently asked questions

Review where your data is processed and stored, whether the provider offers a Data Processing Agreement (DPA) under the GDPR, and what the provider’s policy is on using your inputs for model training. For business use, also check whether the tool integrates with your existing workflows and whether it supports the languages your team works in.

Not necessarily. A company can be headquartered in the EU while processing data on US-owned cloud infrastructure. This is a separate consideration. The tools listed on this page are verified to offer EU data hosting as a default or standard option, but always check the provider’s own documentation, particularly their Data Processing Agreement (DPA) and privacy policy, to confirm current status.

Start with your specific requirements: data residency, language support, integration with existing tools, and whether you need a consumer or enterprise plan. Review each provider’s documentation on data handling, deployment options, and pricing directly. This page provides structured information for orientation, the final assessment depends on your organisation’s situation.

Browse the EU Directory

Tools listed on this platform are selected based on defined criteria: European headquarters, majority EU ownership, and European data residency as a standard option. Some pages may also include tools from non-EU vendors that offer European data hosting, these are clearly labelled. Listings do not constitute recommendations.